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Journal of Urban History, Vol. 33, No. 1,
130-139 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0096144206291423
Review Essay: Race and Ethnicity in Nineteenth-Century Mobile, Alabama
Jeffery Strickland
Montclair State University
References
- I have chosen to focus on the chapters dealing with the nineteenth century.
- "2004 Program" (Southern Historical Association 70th annual meeting, Memphis, Tenn., November 3-6, 2004);and "Conference Program" (Second Biennial Urban History Conference, Milwaukee, Wisc., October 7-10, 2004).
- Lawrence H. Larsen, The Rise of the Urban South (Lexington, Ky., 1985), x-x. Larsen focused on urban growth in the New South.See also David R. Goldfield, Urban Growth in the Age of Sectionalism: Virginia, 1847-1861 (Baton Rouge, La., 1977), 3-3.
- Larsen, The Urban South,1-1.
- Goldfield, Urban Growth, xxiii-xxiii, xxiv-xxiv, xxv-xxv.
- Ira Berlin and Herbert G. Gutman, "Natives and Immigrants, Free Men and Slaves: Urban Workingmen in the Antebellum American South," American Historical Review 88 (1983): 1175-1200.[CrossRef]
- George Brown Tindall, Natives and Newcomers: Ethnic Southerners and Southern Ethnics (Athens, Ga., 1995), 17-17, 51-51.
- Dennis C. Rousey, "Aliens in the WASP Nest: Ethnocultural Diversity in the Antebellum Urban South," Journal of American History 79 (1992): 163-163.
- David R. Goldfield, Cotton Fields and Skyscrapers: Southern City and Region, 1607-1980 (Baton Rouge, La., 1982), 6-8.
- See Howard N. Rabinowitz, Race Relations in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (Athens, Ga., 1996);and C. Vann Woodward, Strange Career of Jim Crow, 3rd rev. ed. (New York, 1974).
- Don H. Doyle, New Men, New Cities, New South: Atlanta, Nashville, Charleston, Mobile, 1860-1910 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1990),71-71, 113-127.
- James Alex Baggett, The Scalawags: Southern Dissenters in the Civil War and Reconstruction (Baton Rouge, La., 2003), 10-10, 12-12, 15-15.
- Stephen Kantrowitz, Ben Tillman and the Reconstruction of White Supremacy (Chapel Hill, N.C., 2000), 3-3.
- Peter Kolchin, A Sphinx in the Land: The Nineteenth Century South in Comparative Perspective (Baton Rouge, La., 2003).
- Minnesota Population Center, Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS), University of Minnesota, http://www.ipums.umn.edu/usa/.
- Elsa Barkley Brown, "Negotiating and Transforming the Public Sphere: African American Political Life in the Transition from Slavery to Freedom" in Jumpin’ Jim Crow: Southern Politics from Civil War to Civil Rights, ed. Jane Daily, Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, and Bryant Simon (Princeton, N.J., 2000), 28-66;and Jane Dailey, "Deference and Violence in the Postbellum South: Manners and Massacres in Danville, Virginia," Journal of Southern History 63 (August 1997): 553-590.
- Bernard E. Powers Jr., Black Charlestonians: A Social History, 1822-1885 (Fayetteville, Ark., 1994).
- Brian D. Page, "‘An Unholy Alliance’: Irish-Americans and the Political Construction of Whiteness in Memphis, Tennessee, 1866-1879," Left History 8 (2002): 77-96.
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